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Wednesday, February 28, 2018

IMPORTANT WARNING - BIRD FEEDER AND BIRD BATHS

Cases of mycoplasmosis in wild passerine birds at feeders: 

The infection is confirmed

House Finch infected by mycoplasmosis.
Many people remember the outbreak that happened several years ago.  It almost eradicated the local House Finch population.  With eyes closed by swelling of the eyelids, ocular discharges and loss of feathers around the eyes, birds cannot search for food.


During the month of February bird watchers reported birds with eye lesions in southern Quebec. The clinical presentation observed in the pictures provided by observers is highly suggestive of mycoplasmosis.

A severely affected house finch was found in Laval on February 15th. The postmortem examination carried out on this bird confirmed the suspicion. Histological lesions characteristic of mycoplasmosis, including infiltration of the conjunctival and airways mucosa by a large number of lymphoid inflammatory cells, were observed, and Mycoplasma gallisepticum was detected from a conjunctival swab by molecular method (PCR).

This diagnosis confirmed the presence of an epidemic of mycoplasmosis in the birds frequenting feeders in southern Quebec. As of February 21, a dozen episodes have been reported in the regions of Montreal (including Laval, Deux-Montagnes and Longueuil), Drummondville, Quebec (including LĂ©vis) and Sherbrooke. For now, this disease has been observed in three species of passerine birds: the American Goldfinch (7 episodes), the House Finch (5 episodes), the Cardinal (2 episodes) and the Snow Bunting (1 episode).

  • During a known outbreak of mycoplasmosis, temporarily remove bird feeders and bird baths (for one to two weeks) to reduce bird aggregation.
  • Clean your feeders and bird baths regularly with a solution of 10% bleach (one volume of bleach for 9 volumes of water). Allow feeders and baths to dry before putting them back in place.

Report any sick or dead birds to the Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative. Find your closest regional centre at: http://www.cwhc-rcsf.ca

Wednesday, February 14, 2018

"WILDLIFE RESCUE IN THE PARK" - NANCY BARRETT

Muskrat on harbour ice - Photo by Nancy Barrett


My husband and I had wandered over to the frozen harbour during an outing on January 28, 2018 to see if we could find the visiting Snowy Owl.  Our attention was diverted by a couple looking at a dark object on the ice, not far from the stone harbour wall.  It was a muskrat, looking a bit lost and not moving much.  Muskrats have been observed out and about this winter in the park, sitting on ice shelves and eating zebra mussels (a surprising number of species of birds and animals have adapted well to eating the invasive bivalves, thankfully), but this one was alone and appeared weak and listless.
  
A few more people came by to have a look, including friend and fellow birder, David Creelman.  He and I discussed whether we should call in wildlife rescue; we parted soon thereafter, and then David decided to initiate a call to the Toronto Wildlife Centre, a non-profit organization dedicated to the rescue, treatment and rehabilitation of urban wildlife.  

There are several Toronto Wildlife Centre (TWC) rescue staff members who are trained and certified in ice rescue, as well as swift water rescue, and chemical immobilization.  That first skill was called upon that day, as the muskrat was sitting out on rather precarious ice, too dangerous to support human weight.  Fortunately, rescue team member, Sarah, who has years of animal rescue experience, was able to accomplish the rescue with the help of an ice suit, safety line and a long-handled net (see their dramatic video of the rescue here).

The little muskrat was then rushed to the TWC, where medical staff took over.  The animal was hypothermic, dehydrated, thin and very weak.  The skilled medical team  did everything they could for little "Muzz" (as dubbed by David), but he sadly passed away.  

In a Facebook post about the rescue and attempts to save the muskrat's life, the admin stated: "We're sad we couldn't save this patient, but there is some comfort knowing he didn't freeze or starve to death slowly on the ice, and that many wild patients here at TWC are saved each day with the support of our donors.  If you see a wild animal stuck on a frozen body of water, please do not attempt to capture it on your own.  Contact TWC at 416-631-0662 from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m., 7 days per week!"

See Brian Bailey's great video of a muskrat chowing down on zebra mussels, from the Friends of Sam Smith Park page.  


Photo by Irene Cholewka

Thursday, February 8, 2018

"A PHOTOGRAPHIC GUIDE TO COLONEL SAMUEL SMITH PARK"

Check out Taku Komabe's beautiful images of the park to get inspiration for our very own photo exhibit October 2018 at the Assembly Hall.  He includes viewing points and tips.

 

To see more of his work, there is an exhibit currently running at Humber College's Interpretive Centre at 2 Colonel Samuel Smith Park Drive (Kipling and Lake Shore Blvd. West).  Exhibit closes March 17th.

 

Monday, February 5, 2018

COYOTES IN THE PARK: LIVING WITH URBAN WILDLIFE - NANCY BARRETT

Photo: Erika Squires

We are very fortunate to share our parks and urban ecosystems with wildlife.  Many species, including coyotes and foxes, have learned to peacefully co-exist with humans as we all go about our daily lives.  Here, in the parks and green spaces along the west Toronto waterfront, a pair of coyotes has been doing just that for several years, staying mostly out of sight.  Many park visitors have thrilled to the quick glimpse of one of these beautiful animals trotting across an icy pond or along a trail; I'm always tiptoeing around corners so that I might, just might, observe one again.  

It is for this very reason--that continued peaceful co-existence--that the Friends of Sam Smith Park would like to share some education and advice with those of you who visit the park or live in the area.  

Recently, there have been a few instances of what appear to be food in makeshift boxes placed under trees near the trails, apparently for the coyotes.  This raises concerns that leaving food items out in this manner, if done repeatedly, may cause the animals to eventually become used to this.  They may become more visible and come out onto trails when people approach, looking for more food.  I have myself witnessed this highly-altered behaviour in other habituated wildlife, often to the detriment of the animal's well-being (as in this sad story about a long-habituated fox pair in Algonquin Provincial Park, now being treated at a wildlife sanctuary).


Box with pet kibble placed in branches of evergreen. Photo: Erika Squires

By understanding their lives a bit more, perhaps we can develop a deeper appreciation for our wild neighbours. 


The following information is courtesy of the Toronto Wildlife Centre, with a focus on coyotes, although it is also pertinent to foxes:

Coyotes in urban areas

Few species are as adaptable to so wide a variety of habitats as coyotes.  These intelligent animals thrive throughout Ontario, from rural countryside to urban backyards.  Coyotes play a crucial role in our ecosystems, and are more common in the city than people realize.  In urban areas, coyotes are often found near ravine systems, large grassy fields, and large parks where small mammals--a main staple in their diet--are plentiful.   

Photo: Irene Cholewka

Are coyotes dangerous? 
Coyotes are normally afraid of people and try to avoid them--but in cramped city living quarters, we are bound to run into each other once in a while.  Bold or aggressive behaviour toward people is unusual for coyotes and, when it occurs, is usually seen in animals that have become habituated because people feed them.  Sometimes the feeding is intentional, but more often coyotes get used being around urban dwellings when pet food and scraps from garbage and compost are not well contained.  

What do do when you encounter a bold coyote
Under normal circumstances, coyotes are not a threat to people.  Coyotes who have been habituated because they were fed are still unlikely to initiate any contact with people, but they occasionally may come too close for comfort.  

If you encounter a fox or coyote who does not immediately run away, make some noise.  Yell, clap your hands, wave your arms, stomp your feet--make your presence felt, but do not approach or chase the animal.  You can also carry a whistle or other noisemaker when walking in known coyote areas.  

How to keep your pets safe from coyotes
Coyotes occasionally prey on free-roaming pets (mainly cats), since there is no real difference, from the coyote's perspective, between a wild groundhog or squirrel and a similarly-sized pet.  

For their safety (as well as the safety of native wild songbirds and small mammals, cats should be kept indoors or supervised when outside.  Small dogs should be walked on a leash and not left out unattended.  Domestic pets outside are vulnerable to becoming part of the food chain, and are also subject to many other outdoor dangers, such as cars, toxins, and disease.  

Coyote tracks in snow.  Photo: Nancy Barrett

Photo: Erika Squires

The following additional tips are courtesy of the City of Toronto:

If you walk in a park with coyote activity:
  • Never feed coyotes!  Do not leave any type of food out for any animal; feeding wildlife is not allowed under Parks Bylaw.
  • Keep your dog on a leash! 
  • Carry a personal audible alarm.
  • Carry a bright flashlight for early morning/late evening walks.
If you are approached by a coyote:
  • Make yourself appear larger, shout and/or clap your hands together.
  • Stay calm, hold your ground.
  • Never run.
Attractions to food:  
  • Coyotes are omnivores and will eat whatever is available, such as small mammals and birds, carrion, fruit and improperly stored garbage. The coyote's diet will also change depending on its surrounding environment.
  • Their natural diet includes small rodents such as mice, groundhogs and rabbits. Also birds, eggs, snakes, turtles, frogs, fish, fruit, plants, carrion and road kill. They are not known to hunt deer but may try to hunt sheep or young calves if in desperate need.
  • Their urban diet can include garbage that overflows from residential dumpsters or garbage that is carelessly stored outdoors. Garbage often attracts mice and rats, which in turn attracts coyotes and foxes into residential areas.
The photographer watched this coyote catching several meadow voles, minding its own business despite dog-walkers and a man on a tractor, cutting the grass.  Photo: Erika Squires

Call 311 if you see a coyote that is:
  • Approaching dogs or people
  • Acting confused, limping or staggering
  • Fighting or attacking pets
  • Exploring a home or building far from a large park or open area
Many wild animals, including coyotes, have adapted well to life in the city.  Because food and shelter are plentiful, and predators are limited, these animals will continue to live near us.  If we learn to share the environment with wildlife and reduce problems by getting rid of sources of food and shelter on our properties, we can be entertained by these visitors as they make their way to a more suitable home.  

This coyote was snoozing quietly in a park full of people walking their dogs, and invisible to everyone but the photographer.  It got up, stretched, yawned, and went back to sleep.  
Photo: Erika Squires.